Purpose and History of Punishment - 785 Words

Purpose and History of Punishment The American society of punishment has been heavily based on British law, which has in turn grown from Western capital punishment and personal retribution. In the seventh century A.D. leaders in government have begun to realize that crimes harmed society. The government started becoming more involved in controlling crimes and punishment for the crimes being committed. To protect the citizens the leaders of the governing body assembled a set of laws that were passed along with punishments for crimes. The government devised a list of different crimes that could have several different punishments, so the government determined a list of punishments that could fit the crimes. Throughout this era many of the†¦show more content†¦The Auburn system took a spin on the Pennsylvania system by using solitary confinement and hard labor, but the Auburn system went to the next degree and sought out to humiliate inmate by chaining them together and enforcing the prison stripe dress code. Punishment in the Auburn system was often very server and very quick. The Auburn system was seen as a very brutal system, but paved way for the prison systems of today. Both the Auburn and Pennsylvania system used hard labor to help rehabilitate convicts in the past. In today’s world labor is still used in the prison system but not to the extent it had been in the past because of the overcrowding problem in the system. The prison systems do not have enough staff to be able to get these inmates out to do the labor. So the breakdown in the system today gives way to a weak AuburnShow MoreRelatedHistory and Purposes of Prisons884 Words   |  4 PagesHistory and Purpose of Penitentiaries Jeffrey Brown CJA234 July 7,2012 George Chavarria History and Purpose of Penitentiaries Crime has had an impact on society for years, and will continue to do so well into the future. The presence of criminals and criminal acts proved that there was and all ways will be a need for penitentiaries. Correctional facilities no matter if they are prisons, jails, or penitentiaries are all part of the criminal justice system. Their overall goal and objectiveRead MorePurpose and History Paper783 Words   |  4 Pages* Running Head: Purpose and History Paper * * * * * * * * * * Purpose and History Paper * Joseph Ford * CJA/234 * August 20, 2012 Robert Major * * * Prison development dates all the way back to the early Roman times and even then there were forms of punishment for criminals. In today’s society we have come a long way from the Roman times with the way prisons are ran and punishments are enforced. With this developmentRead MoreThe Code Of Hammurabi : How Does It Differ From The Past?1716 Words   |  7 PagesWhat is History? How does it differ from the past? These questions are asked by almost every Historian at some point in time. This essay will use the Code of Hammurabi to show that the actual past that historian attempt to obtain is not as important as the way it effects daily life, which creates history as we know it. It will look at the discrepancy between who created the document and who actually wrote it, the difference between why a document is important and why it survives, how the intent ofRead MoreCapital Punishment Research Paper1425 Words   |  6 PagesCapital Punishment Matt Meeks Political Science Mr. Lawrence 16 November 2011 Matt Meeks 14 Mr. Lawrence POLS 1113 16 November 2011 Capital Punishment The justice system is a complicated area of government; not all states enforce the death penalty, because criminal punishment is a subject left for the states to decide (Banner, 2002). There are multiple methods of execution available to enforce the death penalty; different states enforce different methods, evenRead MoreCourt History and Purpose812 Words   |  4 PagesCourt History and Purpose CJA/224 July 28, 2012 Court History and Purpose This paper will cover topics such as; what a court is and what the purpose of the court is. This paper will define the dual court system. In addition this paper will describe the role that early legal codes, the common law and the precedent played in the development of courts. And lastly this paper will identify the role of the courts in the criminal justice system today. The courts are a part of the judicialRead MorePurpose and History Paper865 Words   |  4 PagesPurpose and History Norris R. Billingsley CJA 234 October 8, 2013 Yolonda Johnson Purpose and History In reference to the history of punishment for crimes, which date back as far as 450 B.C., some of the earliest methods of punishment are replaced by more efficient and humane methods of punishments or corrections. Punishments back then were harsher, brutal, and inhumane because people strongly believed in the retributive approach to crimes committed by individuals. Punishments such as whippingsRead MoreSocial Punishment And Its Impact On Society Essay1628 Words   |  7 PagesThroughout time, the use of punishment has changed drastically. Not only has the actual infliction of punishment changed, the reasoning behind this punishment has also changed. There have been numerous scholars, educators, and researchers that have presented various theories on the reasoning behind societal punishment. Some of these theories are closely similar, however some are drastically different. It is important to note that these theorists have broad perceptions that can be rooted back to specificRead Mor eThe Death Penalty Should Be Abolished1534 Words   |  7 Pagespenalty gives humans in our legal system rights to decide who deserves to live, a power only God should possess. Capital Punishment takes away our rights as equals. From its origins, the death penalty has been an inhumane, costly, ineffective, and biased form of punishment that needs to be abolished granting everyone their right to live. History of the Death Penalty Down through history, the death penalty has been adapted to be justifiable in the eyes of the people. By altering the crimes punishableRead MoreProphets from the Bible1010 Words   |  4 Pagesafter the fall of Jerusalem and the beginning of the Babylon captivity. The book of Jeremiah begins with an account of Jeremiah’s call to be a prophet. (Jeremiah 1:4-6) he was destined to be a prophet even before he was born, Yahweh had a plan and purpose for him. The book of Jeremiah is a collection of oracles, and historical narratives. Jeremiah’s messages were aimed at the people of Jerusalem, and Judah, as well as King Jehoiakim who tried to escape Babylon’s control by uniting Judah with EgyptRead MoreThe On The Juvenile Justice System Essay1236 Words   |  5 Pagesjustifiable concern, the proposed changes to the purposes clause would go against the primary purpose of the juvenile justice system, rehabilitation and treatment as opposed to punishment. During the 1 9th century, the American legal system tended to treat juveniles who violated the criminal law much as it did adult offenders. Consequently, if courts found children criminally responsible, they would then impose the same sentences, e.g. capital punishment, and committed these youths to the same penal

Setting Analysis of the Story a Rose for Emily - 1007 Words

An analysis of the setting of â€Å"A Rose for Emily† by William Faulkner’s William Faulkner is one of the greatest writers of the twentieth century. Although he was born in New Albany, Mississippi in 1897 he moved to Oxford, Mississippi before his fifth birthday. Faulkner belonged to a once-wealthy family of former plantation owners (eNotes.com, Inc., 2012). He spent his boyhood hunting and fishing in and around Lafayette County (eNotes.com, Inc., 2012). William Faulkner based most of his stories and characters closely to his life and the ones that had the greatest influence in his life. The South’s historical legacy is what Faulkner often wrote his novels based on and that it what helped him gain recognition. Faulkner moved around to†¦show more content†¦Although it shows the old social order of how things were during that time period it also shows us how it is slowly dying. Townspeople probably had a hard time adjusting to the death of the old social order but felt it was necessary instead of trying to hold on and stay true to the old w ays. Characters as well as the setting both set the tone for the story and the change that was taking place. Emily although didn’t embrace change still longed for companionship since the death of her father. After being controlled by her father her whole life she now felt she needed to be in controlled. Even though Homer represented modernity and industrialization she enjoyed his companionship. Homer brought innovation to the rapidly changing world of this Southern town. Emily’s macabre bridal chamber is an extreme attempt to stop time and prevent change, although doing so comes at the expense of human life (SparkNotes Editors). Emily’s house also represents alienation, mental illness, and death (Larinde). It is a shrine to the living past, and the sealed upstairs bedroom is her macabre trophy room where she preserves the man she would not allow to leave her (Shmoop University, Inc., 2012). Emily stays firmly planted in a subjective realm of time, where life moves on with her in it but she stays committed, regardless, to the past (SparkNotes Editors). Reference Page eNotes.com, Inc..Show MoreRelatedA Rose for Emily889 Words   |  4 PagesLiterary Analysis for â€Å"A Rose for Emily† Sometimes a Rose is Not a Rose: A Literary Analysis of â€Å"A Rose for Emily† In the short story â€Å"A Rose for Emily†, written by William Faulkner, the negative impact of Emily’s upbringing by an overprotective father, leads to incredible pattern in her life and the obvious mental illness that takes over as she not so graciously ages. While written in five sections, the first and last section is written in present time, and the three middle sectionsRead MoreA Tale of Terror 1087 Words   |  4 Pageseerie settings, and strange events leading up to a horrifying ending are all effective ways in which authors present their readers with a terrifying tale to remember. William Faulkner’s â€Å"A Rose for Emily,† a short story about the odd Emily Grierson, a once well-respected woman in a small southern town, takes readers into a whirlwind of a story leading up to a horrifying discovery about Miss Emily’s secretive demeanor. Through his characterization of Miss Emily, his descriptions of the setting, andRead MoreAnalysis Of A R ose For Emily By William Faulkner And A Rose For Emily1023 Words   |  5 Pagestemporal/geographic setting and the third person point of view through which both short stories are told are essential literary elements to â€Å"likes† by Sarah Shun-lien Bynum and â€Å"A Rose for Emily† by William Faulkner. The settings in both story provide the reader with context in order to understand the conflict within both stories. Also the point of view the narrator in each story narrates from gives the reader an understanding between both conflicting sides of the story. A further analysis of the globalRead MoreA Rose for Emily by William Faulkner Essay967 Words   |  4 PagesIn Faulkner’s, â€Å"A Rose for Emily†, Emily lives in a world of her own making. This is because townspeople in Jefferson holds Miss Emily in such high regards. To them, she symbolizes the customs of the old south, or what the town Jefferson once was. For Emily and also for the townspeople t ime is relative, the past is an ever-present realm in Jefferson. For this reason people wish to respect Emily and preserve her customs; even if it means intruding into her personal life, or turning the cheek towardsRead MoreEssay on A Rose for Emily Setting Analysis582 Words   |  3 PagesA Rose for Emily Setting Analysis In A Rose for Emily, a woman (for whom the story is named) confines herself in her somewhat large house in a small town during the early half of the twentieth century. For the most part, in order to understand the entirety of the story, it is vital to understand the setting and how each character develops it, and,or, interacts with it. As far as the town is concerned, it is very isolated and the people seem to value this quality, as well as theRead MoreA Rose For Emily And Gothic Literature1212 Words   |  5 PagesHave you ever read a story filled with horror, death, and a little romance? In literature, stories with these characteristics are classified as gothic literature. For example A Rose For Emily by Emily Faulkner is Southern gothic literature as the setting is specific to the south while The Cast of Amontillado by Edgar Allen Poe is gothic literature. In A Rose for Emily, Emily and the community are stuck in the old ways of the South as they attempt to avoid the inevitable changes happening aroundRead MoreA Rose For Emily By William Faulkner1326 Words   |  6 PagesA Rose For Emily Fiction Analysis English Literature Essay In A Rose for Emily, William Faulkner tells the story of an old and lonely lady stuck in her own timeframe. Her controlling father died some thirty years ago and she has never quite found her own ground. Her house has become the most hideous looking home on the once most select street in the city. Previously elegant and white with scrolled balconies, it was now encroached with dust and decay. The people in Miss Emily s city gossip aboutRead MoreA Rose For Emily- Rhetorical Analysis. William Faulkner802 Words   |  4 PagesA Rose for Emily- Rhetorical Analysis William Faulkner was an American writer from Oxford, Mississippi. He wrote short stories, plays, essays, and screenplays. He is mainly known for his creative imaginary stories that were based on Lafayette County, Mississippi where he spent most of his life. Faulkner is one of the most celebrated writers in American literature and especially Southern literature. He spent majority of his childhood years sitting around listening to his elders and family membersRead MoreA Rose For Emily Symbolism Analysis1376 Words   |  6 PagesThe Symbolism of the Setting in Faulkner’s and Hemingway’s Stories The place where the story is set plays the most significant role in the majority of fiction pieces, since it is the setting that outlines the plot development and influences the heroes’ decisions and general characteristics. In Faulkner’s â€Å"A Rose for Emily† and Hemingway’s â€Å"Hills Like White Elephants,† the setting is raised to the symbolic level. When the outside portrayal does not correspond to what is happening inside the characterRead MorePlot Analysis of a Rose for Emily1257 Words   |  6 PagesPlot Analysis of â€Å"A Rose for Emily, A Silent Shell† â€Å"In this world, nothing is certain but death and taxes.† This quote by Benjamin Franklin is a mirror to Emily’s story as it begins with her death and then the reader is abruptly brought into the tax remission she received after the death of her father. This interesting yet confusing vignette is about a girl named Emily Grierson and her inconsiderate relation with the town, a man she loved, Homer Baron, and her Father. For Readers of Faulkner

Role of Supply Chain Management on Business Operation †Samples

Question: Discuss about the Role of Supply Chain Management. Answer: Introduction Supply Chain Management is considered being the supervision of materials, information as well as finances as they are moving in a process from supplier to manufacturer to wholesaler to retailer to customer. It is having the involvement of doing the coordination as well as integration of these flows both within as well as among the organizations. It can be stated that the final objective of any efficient system of supply chain management is doing the reduction of inventory (Lu 2014) Role of supply chain management on business operation It is well-known that supply chain management plays a significant role in majority of businesses and is necessary for organizational success as well as satisfaction of the customer. The retailers are depending on supply chains for making a quick delivery of costly products for avoiding the holding of expensive inventories in stores any longer than it is required (Pagell 2017). Manufacturers are depending on supply chains for delivering in a reliable manner the materials to the assembly plants for avoiding the shortages of materials that will be shutting down the production. Retailers are depending upon supply chain managers for designing the networks that will be meeting the goals relating to customer service at the least total cost (Pagell 2017). Effective supply chains will be enabling an organization for being more competitive within the market place. Walmart did the embarking on strategic sourcing for finding products at the best price from suppliers who are in a position for ensuring that they will be meeting the demand. The organization then does the establishment of strategic partnerships with majority of their vendors, providing them the potential for purchases that are considered being long-term as well as high volume in return for the lowest probable prices (Vachon 2016). Moreover, Walmart did the streamlining of supply chain management through the construction of communication as well as relationship networks with the suppliers for improving the flow of material with lesser inventories. Cross docking is considered being a logistics practice, which is the focus regarding the strategy of Walmart for replenishing inventory in an efficient manner (Flint 2014). Cross docking assists in keeping down the costs relating to inventory as well as transportation, reducing the time taken for transportation as well as eliminating the ineffectiveness. Through cross dockings utilization, routing of the products are done from suppliers to the organizations warehouses, from where the shipping is done to the stores devoid of staying for longer periods within inventory (Flint 2014). This strategic aspect did the reduction of costs relating to Walmart in a significant manner and they did the passing of those savings on to their customers with the pricing that was considered being highly competitive. Technology is playing a major role regarding the supply chain of Walmart, which serves as the basis regarding their supply chain. Walmart is having the largest infrastructure relating to information technology in comparison to any private organization globally (Kulkarni 2015). The organizations latest technology as well as network design is allowing Walmart in forecasting the demand in an accurate manner, tracking as well as predicting the levels of inventory, creating routes of transportation that are considered being highly effective as well as managing the relationships with the customers as well as service response logistics (Jacoby 2014). For instance, Walmart did the implementation of the first companywide utilization of Universal Product Code bar codes, where there occurred the immediate collection as well as analysis of the store level information, and then there was the devising of the Retail Link by the organization, a massive Bentonville database (Coyle 2016). With the hel p of a global system of satellite, there exists the connection of Retail Link with the analysts who does the forecasting of the demands of the suppliers to the network of suppliers that does the displaying of the real-time data regarding sales from the cash registers and to the distribution centers of Walmart. Suppliers as well as manufacturers within the supply chain do the synchronizing of their projections relating to demand under a collaborating planning, forecasting as well as replenishment plan, and every link in the chain is having a connection via technology that is including a central database, store-level point-of-sale methods, as well as a satellite network (Fredendall 2016). Moreover, Walmart networked its suppliers as well via computers, it made collaboration with PG to do the maintenance of inventory within its stores and did the building of an automated process of re-ordering that did the linking of every computer between PG factory via a system of satellite communication (Gilling 2016). PG then did the delivery of the item either to the centre of distribution at Walmart or in a direct way to the concerned stores. The operations part of a supply chain does the focusing on demand planning, forecasting as well as inventory management. Forecasts do the estimation of a customer demand in respect of a product depending upon historical data, external drivers like sales and promotional aspects as well as changes relating to trends or competitive aspects (Fawcett 2013). There occurs the use of demand planning for the creation of accurate forecasts, a decisive step in respect of efficient inventory management. There occurs the comparison of forecasts to the levels of inventory for ensuring that the warehouses are having sufficient inventory for meeting the demand (Dubey 2017). The integration of supply chain does the connecting of work flow as well as information within every link in the supply chain for maximizing the effectiveness (Christopher 2016). In respect of Walmart, its processes relating to supply chain management does the yielding of lower product as well as inventory costs, better control o ver selection within the stores of Walmart. Conclusion Therefore, it can be concluded by stating that the supply chain management strategic aspect of Walmart has provided the organization with various competitive advantages that are regarded to be sustainable, which includes lower cost of products, lesser carrying costs regarding inventory, better in-store variety as well as selection, and pricing that is considered being highly competitive in respect of the customers. References Christopher, M., 2016.Logistics supply chain management. Pearson UK. Coyle, J.J., Langley, C.J., Novack, R.A. and Gibson, B., 2016.Supply chain management: a logistics perspective. Nelson Education. Dubey, R., Gunasekaran, A., Papadopoulos, T., Childe, S.J., Shibin, K.T. and Wamba, S.F., 2017. Sustainable supply chain management: framework and further research directions.Journal of Cleaner Production,142, pp.1119-1130. Fawcett, S.E., Ellram, L.M. and Ogden, J.A., 2013.Supply Chain Management: Pearson New International Edition: From Vision to Implementation. Pearson Higher Ed. Flint, D.J., Lusch, R.F. and Vargo, S.L., 2014. The supply chain management of shopper marketing as viewed through a service ecosystem lens.International Journal of Physical Distribution Logistics Management,44(1/2), pp.23-38. Fredendall, L.D. and Hill, E., 2016.Basics of supply chain management. CRC Press. Gilling, R.I. and Ulmer, J.M., 2016. Major Challenges in Supply Chain Management.Insights to a Changing World Journal,2016(3). Jacoby, D., 2014.Guide to supply chain management. Hachette UK. Kulkarni, S.H., 2015. World class supply chain practices of walmart. Lu, C., 2014. Incredibly Successful Supply Chain Management: How Does Walmart Do It.Case studies, Insights Analysis. Online verfgbar unter https://www. tradegecko. com/blog/incrediblysuccessful-supply-chain-management-walmart, zuletzt geprft am,4, p.2016. Pagell, M. and Wu, Z., 2017. Business implications of sustainability practices in supply chains. InSustainable Supply Chains(pp. 339-353). Springer International Publishing. Vachon, S. and Hajmohammad, S., 2016. Supply chain uncertainty and environmental management.Asian Journal of Sustainability and Social Responsibility, p.1.

Support Death Penalty Essay Example For Students

Support Death Penalty Essay The Death Penalty vs. Alternative PunishmentsIn the United States Constitution, the 8th Amendment prohibits the use and practices of cruel and unusual punishment. What exactly is considered to be cruel and unusual punishment? This question is a hot topic among Americas many different current controversies. Many people are saying that the use of capital punishment (to be sentenced to death as a penalty in the eyes of the law a capital crime. An execution capital punishment) is a direct violation of the 8th Amendment to the Constitution of the United States (Capital Punishment). They say there should be another way to deal with these criminals other than having them executed. The purpose of this paper is to give a brief history of the death penalty and state some alternative forms of punishment along with opposing viewpoints. As t which one is right, thats up to you to decide. We will write a custom essay on Support Death Penalty specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Capital punishment has been a part of our government since the seventeenth century (The Death Penalty in America). The criminal law that we had here was just a variation colony by colony, on the law of England. Although the capital law of the thirteen colonies differed from one another, many interesting and important details concerning the death penalty and various other things occurred during the century and a half of the colonial period. All of the colonies authorized public executions by hanging as the mandatory punishment for various crimes against the state, the person, and the property (The Death Penalty in America). In the early nineteenth century, English criminal law imposed the death penalty for a wide range of crimes from murder, treason, rape, to such stupid things as petty theft. Of all of the nonhomocidal crimes particularly by death, rape was by far the most numerous. Some ten percent of all executions carried out between 1930 and 1977 were for rape. Those who opted to keep the death penalty did so because they thought that it would act as a discouragement for would be criminals and to keep the community safe. In theory it seemed clear-cut, but does it work? America has had more violent crimes this century than in any other time in its history. The only real point that both sides can agree upon is that the death penalty stops the convicted murder from ever killing again. Some say that this reason is enough to keep the death penalty. There are currently five different ways to carry out the death penalty in the United States. The first is death by firing squad. Death occurs because of massive damage to the bodys vital organs, heart, central nervous system, or by a combination of these different effects with hemorrhage (The Execution Protocol). Probably the quickest way to execute a human being with a gun is to fire a single bullet from a piston at point blank range into the head. Yet in Idaho and Utah, the law specifies a five-man rifle squad. Execution by firing squad has a long history in America. The first recorded execution by firing squad was in 1608, when George Kendall, one of the original councilors in the colony of Virginia was put to death (The Execution Protocol). People opposed to the death penalty say that being shot to death if a form of cruel and unusual punishment. There have been cases where the marksmen have missed the shot and it has taken a man over an hour to die from his wounds. Another problem with this form of execution is that some members of the firing squad have been known to aim away from the mans heart, shooting him where it would take longer to die. .u9ea09bf485e9460312fe6996c3b297f1 , .u9ea09bf485e9460312fe6996c3b297f1 .postImageUrl , .u9ea09bf485e9460312fe6996c3b297f1 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u9ea09bf485e9460312fe6996c3b297f1 , .u9ea09bf485e9460312fe6996c3b297f1:hover , .u9ea09bf485e9460312fe6996c3b297f1:visited , .u9ea09bf485e9460312fe6996c3b297f1:active { border:0!important; } .u9ea09bf485e9460312fe6996c3b297f1 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u9ea09bf485e9460312fe6996c3b297f1 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u9ea09bf485e9460312fe6996c3b297f1:active , .u9ea09bf485e9460312fe6996c3b297f1:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u9ea09bf485e9460312fe6996c3b297f1 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u9ea09bf485e9460312fe6996c3b297f1 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u9ea09bf485e9460312fe6996c3b297f1 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u9ea09bf485e9460312fe6996c3b297f1 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u9ea09bf485e9460312fe6996c3b297f1:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u9ea09bf485e9460312fe6996c3b297f1 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u9ea09bf485e9460312fe6996c3b297f1 .u9ea09bf485e9460312fe6996c3b297f1-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u9ea09bf485e9460312fe6996c3b297f1:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: GMOs EssayThis happened on September 10, 1951, in the execution of Elisio Mares. During his execution, all five of the marksmen aimed away from the target over Mares heart and shot him on the right side of his chest. The firing squad and witnesses watched in horror as Mares slowly bled to death (The Execution Protocol). When Gary Gilmore was shot to death in Utah in 1973, all four bullets pierced his heart. However, heart death was not immediate, and the doctor had to check twice before pronouncing him dead, two minutes after the

Greco essays

Greco essays Amid several 16th century works of art, the painting Toledo by El Greco (the Greek) is exhibited in the H. O. Havemeyer Collection, in the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City. This piece is somewhat of small size and brushed in on a canvas with oil paint. Its small size and unrealistic dimmed colors make it a prominent piece in the divergent brightly decorated gallery. The exhibit is composed mainly of large black and white paintings; almost all of them Spanish of origin and made sometime in the late 16th to early 17th century. El Grecos painting is located in the middle of the corridor surrounded by two other pieces of rather large size. The position of the canvas serves as a focal point for the whole collection, however one might expect it to be placed somewhere else, due to the unpopularity of the piece. Similar to other pieces, at its right, in the wall is the sign that states the artists life span, 1541-1614; along with the following description :The painter's given name was Domenikos Theotokopoulos. In Toledo, where he lived for nearly forty years, he was known as "El Greco" (the Greek). This view is the only independent landscape by the artist that survives. He has imaginatively reconfigured the city, showing the cathedral not in its actual position but to the left of the Alczar palace. The cathedral seems to be the focus of the painting as it stands in the middleground and to the right. The city skyline is so abstract its almost symbolic, the buildings themselves however have been done with an enormous amount of detail, giving it a very familiar aspect with strong realistic features. The cathedral stands tall, almost centered on the storm cloud behind it. Its long narrow windows with pointed arches span nearly to the top of the tower, while the crockets atop the buttresses, line the soaring spire. The use of many shades of gray and shadows for the corner walls shows El...

How to optimize your job listings for Google searches

How to optimize your job listings for Google searches By now, you’re probably pretty familiar with terms like â€Å"search engine optimization† (SEO), and have been working toward getting the most keyword bang for your buck in your organization’s job posts. As a rule, Google has made us all think more about how to get what we want out of a search, or how to make sure our content is near the top of the list. Now Google is unleashing the next phase of that: Google for Jobs, a dedicated search tool for job seekers.lWhat is Google for Jobs, exactly?Google for Jobs is a search tool first rolled out in 2017, continually growing and expanding as Google adds new features. It’s an enhanced search algorithm that aggregates active job listings from career sites and job boards, cherry-picking them to match your search criteria. Users can filter jobs based on the job category, location, date posted, and the company information. The search function doesn’t (yet?) have the capability of helping the user to apply for said jobs, but instead directs the user to apply through either job sites (where one might already have an account/saved resume) or directly at the company itself.Google for Jobs gets updated job listing information through â€Å"crawls,† or automated searches conducted by Google. The crawl searches company career sites directly, as well as job boards and other recruiting forums.How can organizations optimize their listings?If you want your jobs to feature prominently in user searches, that means more than maxing out your SEO keywords.Be visible.The first step is making sure that Google’s webcrawling robots can find your job listings to include them in users’ search results. One way to do this is to integrate directly with Google, if your company has its own Careers site. You should make sure that your site is not protected by a robots.txt file or robots meta tag, and that Googlebots can crawl your site.hbspt.cta.load(2785852, '9e52c197-5b5b-45e6-af34-d56403f973 c5', {});Make sure you have enough information in your listings.At a minimum, Google for Jobs requires the following info in a job listing in order to include it in search results:Company nameSpecific job title (like â€Å"Waiter† or â€Å"Feline Aerodynamics Engineer†)Job description, at least one paragraph in length and formatted in HTMLJob locationPosting dateExpiration date of the posting (if applicable)Without that information, your listing is not going to make the cut. If you want to take your listings to the next level, best practices should also include:Type of employment (full-time, part-time, contract basis, etc.)Salary range or a specific number, including currency typeThe job’s requisition number in your Application Tracking System (ATS)Check your reputation.Google is rolling out new Google for Jobs features all the time, and recently that has included pulling company reviews from sites like Glassdoor. If you haven’t already, it’s time to do a survey of what people are saying about your company on employment review sites. Poor reviews can affect your Google for Jobs performance, and discourage potential applicants as well.Standardize your logoThis is especially important if you’re going through third-party sites. You want to make sure that you’re uploading consistent, high-quality images of your logo to any sites that are going to be included in Google for Jobs crawls. Big, clear logos look much better in search results than small and/or blurry ones, and you want to stand out for all the right reasons.If you’re looking for a way to boost the visibility of your job listings, Google for Jobs is a great way to do that. By making some minimal tech tweaks and investing time in your recruitment narrative, this is a feature that will help you reach the applicants you want.

A Rise of Standard of Living in the USA since 1950's till present days Essay - 1

A Rise of Standard of Living in the USA since 1950's till present days - Essay Example This is because of better and improved systems like educational institutions that have availed equal chances to every person deeming he or she can work hard and smartly in attaining his or her goals in the US. Therefore, contrary to numerous critics including those of economists, I believe we are making significant progress towards realizing "the promise of American life" as proven by varied aspects relayed in this study. US’ mission towards ensuring her citizens realize their respective achievements did not start just yesterday but has been a long journey characterized diverse regimes that have held the mantle of power. This is despite these regimes together with their respective leaders exhibiting divergences in political ideologies and intentions. For instance, after the WWII the government despite during then had a mission to cut down it is spending, it ensured almost half of the service members from the war enrolled into colleges (Oakes, McGerr, Lewis, Cullather & Boydston 796). This was under GI bill intended to uplift people’s lives instead of being a burden to the state, hence stabilize the economy. This was a mission by the government aimed at ensuring veterans equally benefited besides helping to â€Å"...democratize higher education and home ownership (Oakes, McGerr, Lewis, Cullather & Boydston 796).† Consequently, this depicts devotion by the state towards considering her citizens’ welfare, an action contrary to numerous critics’ arguments that imply the opposite of which the state then did and still carrying on through diverse ways. In each state, a realization of good life encompasses all people enjoying same privileges irrespective of either their skin color or where they have emanated. This is quite evident in America whereby current freedom is as result of unequaled efforts through judicial systems by diverse legendary activists.

Governance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Governance - Essay Example According to laws and theory, the board of directors working in any nonprofit organization are in charge and responsible for the accountability of the organization’s policies. The individuals working in a nonprofit organization are motivated by the fact that they serve the members of the community. They feel satisfied for serving the community although they may not get as much compensation as the members of other profit organizations. IRS believes that the better the governance of the tax exempted firms the more their compliance will be increased (Schuster, 2011). The IRS has been interested in finding that how non-profit organizations (tax exempted) govern themselves. The theory behind the governance is that well governed organizations often comply with the tax laws, safeguard their assets and smoothly carry forward their charitable mission than the organizations with law control. In 2007, Good governance practiced for 501 (c) (3) was published by IRS which consisted of guide lines for the non-profit organization on how they may increase their accountability, their transparency policies, achieve regulatory compliance and can carry on with their status of tax exemption. IRS released several different materials regarding the topic of governance. Recently IRS is conducting a training session for the IRS personnel who are working in non-profit organizations (Nonprofit Governance and the IRS, 2010). The role of board members in non-profit organizations has been important. To meet the needs of the society and to work within the limited resources the board members must work towards strategies and leadership whose main focus is financial sustainability in the organization. It must be a difficult task for the board members to bring their organization to the speed of the current governance practices (Boards and Governance, 2013). The United States congress and IRS have shown interest in the regulation of the non-profit organizations. The IRS suggests that the acti vities of the tax exempted organizations must be in accordance with its tax exempted purpose. The board of directors of such organizations must be in charge of monitoring that whether or not the organization is working in accordance with the policies and purpose of its establishment. The statement written by the non-profit organization in its application for tax exemption must be clear. The board of director must act within their full capacity for achieving the goals of the tax exempting organizations. Any conflict that may prevail in the organization must be addressed by the board of directors. The boards of directors are the most valuable sources of the tax exempted organization according to the IRS. The policies of the tax exempted organization must be transparent so that it must be held accountable for its actions. The filing of the tax exempted organization with the IRS must be correct and accurate. There must be transparency in their mission of establishment. Certain filings o f the tax exempted organization must be stated on their official website for the purpose of review by the general public. IRS has shown interest in paying closer attention to the fund raising activities of the tax exempting organization. IRS has allocated the duty of the board of directors to regularly monitor all the fund raising

The evolution of human intelligence Essay Example for Free

The evolution of human intelligence Essay The evolution of human intelligence refers to a set of theories that attempt to explain how human intelligence has evolved. These theories are closely tied to the evolution of the human brain and to the emergence of human language. The timeline of human evolution spans approximately 7 million years,[citation needed] from the separation of the Pan genus until the emergence of behavioral modernity by 50,000 years ago. The first 3 million years of this timeline concern Sahelanthropus, the following 2 million concern Australopithecus and the final 2 million span the history of actual human species (the Paleolithic). Many traits of human intelligence, such as empathy, theory of mind, mourning, ritual, and the use of symbols and tools, are already apparent in great apes although in lesser sophistication than in humans. The great apes show considerable abilities for cognition and empathy. Chimpanzees make tools and use them to acquire foods and for social displays; they have sophisticated hunting strategies requiring cooperation, influence and rank; they are status conscious, manipulative and capable of deception; they can learn to use symbols and understand aspects of human language including some relational syntax, concepts of number and numerical sequence.In one study, young chimpanzees outperformed human college students in tasks requiring remembering numbers. This claim was refuted in a later study after it was noted that the chimpanzees had received extensive practice with the task while the students were evaluated on their first attempt. When human subjects were given time to practice, they substantially outperformed the young chimps. Chimpanzees are capable of empathy, having been observed to feed turtles in the wild, and show curiosity in wildlife (such as pythons)[citation needed].Homininae Around 10 million years ago, the Earths climate entered a cooler and drier phase, which led eventually to the ice ages beginning some 2.6 million years ago. One consequence of this was that the north African tropical forest began to retreat, being replaced first by open grasslands and eventually by desert (the modern Sahara). As their environment changed from continuous forest to patches of forest separated by expanses of grassland, some primates adapted to a partly or fully ground-dwelling life. Here they were exposed to predators, such as the big cats, from whom they had previously been safe. These environmental pressures caused selection to favor bipedalism: walking on hind legs. This gave the Homininaes eyes greater elevation, the ability to see approaching danger further off, and a more efficient means of locomotion (see main article for details).[citation needed] It also freed the forelimbs (arms) from the task of walking and made the hands available for tasks such as gathering food. At some point the bipedal primates developed handedness, giving them the ability to pick up sticks, bones and stones and use them as weapons, or as tools for tasks such as killing smaller animals, cracking nuts, or cutting up carcasses. In other words, these primates developed the use of primitive technology. Bipedal tool-using primates form the Hominina subtribe, of which the earliest species, such as Sahelanthropus tchadensis, date to about 7 to 5 million years ago. From about 5 million years ago, the Hominin brain began to develop rapidly in both size and differentiation of function. It has been shown that Great Ape cooperation and communication is severely impeded by their competitiveness, and thus that the apes would revolutionize their culture-bearing ability if they could just shrug off their competitiveness. It is also well known that even early hominins lacked the size and sharpness of their canine teeth that apes use as a threat signal, suggesting prehumans simply had no use for threat signals. That means they had already transcended ape competitiveness and thus developed superior cooperation and communication. There has been a gradual increase in brain volume as humans progressed along the timeline of evolution (see Homininae), starting from about 600 cm3 in Homo habilis up to 1500 cm3 in Homo sapiens neanderthalensis. Thus, in general theres a correlation between brain volume and intelligence. However, modern Homo sapiens have a brain volume slightly smaller (1250 cm3) than neanderthals, and the Flores hominids (Homo floresiensis), nicknamed hobbits, had a cranial capacity of about 380 cm3 (considered small for a chimpanzee) about a third of that of H. erectus. It is proposed that they evolved from H. erectus as a case of insular dwarfism. With their three times smaller brain the Flores hominids apparently used fire and made tools as sophisticated as those of their ancestor H.erectus. In this case, it seems that for intelligence, the structure of the brain is more important than its volume. The social brain hypothesis was proposed by British anthropologist Robin Dunbar, who argues that human intelligence did not evolve primarily as a means to solve ecological problems, but rather intelligence evolved as a means of surviving and reproducing in large and complex social groups. Some of the behaviors associated with living in large groups include reciprocal altruism, deception and coalition formation. These group dynamics relate to Theory of Mind or the ability to understand the thoughts and emotions of others, though Dunbar himself admits in the same book that it is not the flocking itself that causes intelligence to evolve (as shown by ruminants). Dunbar argues that when the size of a social group increases, the number of different relationships in the group may increase by orders of magnitude. Chimpanzees live in groups of about 50 individuals whereas humans typically have a social circle of about 150 people, which is now referred to as Dunbars number. According to the social brain hypothesis, when hominids started living in large groups, selection favored greater intelligence. As evidence, Dunbar cites a relationship between neocortex size and group size of various mammals. However, meerkats have far more social relationships than their small brain capacity would suggest. Another hypothesis is that it is actually intelligence that causes social relationships to become more complex, because intelligent individuals are more difficult to learn to know. There are also studies that show that Dunbars number is not the upper limit of the number of social relationships in humans either

Women and Advertising Essay -- Advertisements Ads Stereotypes essays p

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the year 1999, $120 billion was spent on marketing products to consumers (Killing Us Softly 3). Along with products, the advertising industry sells the intangible: â€Å"Ads sell a great deal more than products. They sell values, images, and concepts of success of worth, love and sexuality, popularity, and normalcy. They tell us who we are and who we should be. Sometimes they sell addictions† (Kilbourne, Beauty and the Beast). When the average person is bombarded by 2,000-3,000 ads a day (Kilbourne, address), it is impossible to remain unaffected by the aforementioned concepts and stereotypes (Still Killing Us Softly, video). Ads use insecurities to promise betterment with the purchase of a certain product. They are breeding grounds for stereotypes; most, if not all, are negative. They provide impossible body images for women to strive towards, and sadly, many women do. The repercussions of these images and stereotypes are quite serious. The female body image is distorted, and many women and girls, in effort to reach the distorted image, develop serious eating disorders. The perpetuation of sex in ads creates a casual attitude towards sex. Sex is used to sell almost anything: from lingerie to makeup, perfume to food and household items. Advertising tells viewers that if they aren’t sexy, they are not acceptable. The female body is repeatedly objectified in advertising, and whenever a human is turned into a thing, violence is going to follow. Rapes and beatings often result from the dehumanization of women (Still Killing Us Softly, video). Advertising creates unhealthy and even dangerous stereotypes and mindsets in the people of today’s society.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Advertisements play upon people’s insecurities, promising the viewer that, with the help of the product in question, the viewer can become a better person. There are many insecurities taken advantage of, but the most obvious and frequent is beauty. Women are strongly affected by this. After all, how could they not be when media is promoting a body type thinner, taller, and sexier than their own? Less than 10% of the female population is genetically able to be as thin and tall as the women used in the ads (about-face.org). Advertising sells an impossible image for most women. Many times there is an indirect message such as a beautiful woman wearing the makeup the ad is selling, but sometimes it’s more blatan... ...ols to combat media’s flippant use of sex in ads, and media literacy classes to teach young people, girls especially, how to see through the techniques of the advertising industry. Friedrich, Abby. â€Å"All of Your Insecurities Wrapped Up In a Thirty Second Spot.†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Giedrys, Sally Anne. â€Å"Creating a Curriculum To Help Girls Battle Eating Disorders.†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Harvard University Gazette. Harvard University. 11 February 1999.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Kilbourne, Jean. Address. Viterbo Presentation. April 22, 1996. Kilbourne, Jean. â€Å"Beauty†¦and the Beast of Advertising.† Media & Values Winter   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1990. Center for Media Literacy. Issue 49. 3 March 2004.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  . â€Å"Killing Us Softly 3†. Video. Cambridge Documentary Films. 2000. â€Å"Still Killing Us Softly: Advertising’s Image of Women.† Video. Cambridge   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Documentary Films. 2000. Thomas, Jennifer. â€Å"Websites Promote Anorexia and Bulimia as a ‘Lifestyle’.† HealthScoutNews. Udovitch, Mim. â€Å"A Secret Society of the Starving.† New York Times Magazine. 8 September 2002. Zarchikoff, Rebecca. â€Å"Sexual Images of Women to Sell Products- ‘Fascism’ and  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   ‘Bodyism’†. University of Victoria.

Comparison of Gilgamesh and Odysseus Essay

In the realm of epic poetry, heroes go off and accomplish great things, while dealing with deities and mortal beings alike. This is no different in Homer’s The Odyssey or The Epic of Gilgamesh. In The Odyssey, the tale is recounted of the great warrior Odysseus trying to return home to his wife after fighting a great war. In The Epic of Gilgamesh, it is told of how a demigod, Gilgamesh, faced retribution for poor leadership and manages to redeem himself. However, with all the similarities and conventions of epic poetry, there are also many differences, such as character traits and the nature of obstacles faced by the heroes as well. Even though Odysseus and Gilgamesh possess great importance to the realities in which they exist, Gilgamesh’s impact on his reality is much more negative than Odysseus’s. One of the most important similarities that Odysseus and Gilgamesh have is that they both serve as connections between the Gods and the mortals. Gilgamesh is born of a god and is the ruler of the people of Uruk. Odysseus invoked the wrath of the Gods because of his cruel treatment of the Cyclops, Poseidon‘s son. No matter what the specific circumstance, Odysseus’s and Gilgamesh’s epic statuses make them critical singularities, representative of the Gods to the people, and representative of humans to the Gods. This gives them a divine impact on the realms in which they exist, making them very influential people Aside from this major similarity between Odysseus and Gilgamesh, the two also have much more in common. They both are great warriors, and the results of them defeating certain people greatly affect their worlds. Odysseus’s killing of the Cyclops, for example was able to make a god such as Poseidon take action, and Gilgamesh killing the bull of heaven sent to kill him by the Gods for mistakes he made in the past. Despite their many similarities, Odysseus and Gilgamesh have many differences as well. Odysseus seems to be presented as more of a cunning tactician while Gilgamesh relies more on brute force.

Qar Reading Strategy Essay

Question-Answer Relationships, or QAR, is a reading comprehension strategy developed to aid in the approach that students take when reading texts and answering questions about that text. Students learn to categorize types of questions which in turn help them know where to find information. It encourages students to be active, strategic readers of texts. QAR outlines where information can be found â€Å"In the Text† or â€Å"In my Head. † It then breaks down the actual question-answer relationships into four types: Right There, Think and Search, Author and Me, and On My Own. (Fisher, D. , Brozo, W. G. , Frey, N. , & Ivey, G, 2011, pg. 81) STEP-BY-STEP and EXAMPLE Chosen text: Frog and Toad Together, by Arnold Lobel 1. Hook/Engagement–Begin by reviewing what students have already learned about how to ask questions as a way to understand the meaning of texts. For example using this reading asks them to talk about the kinds of questions they can ask before, during, and after reading. Next, introduce the idea that there are two kinds of questions you can ask about texts. Explain to students that an â€Å"In the Text† question is a question that students can find the answer to by looking in the book that they are reading. An â€Å"In My Head† question is a question that requires students to think about what their own knowledge is to answer the question. Review a book that you have recently read aloud with students. Write the example below on a piece of chart paper or on the blackboard. Choose a few â€Å"In the Text† and â€Å"In My Head† questions about the book that obviously belong to one category or the other, and have students tell you in which column to write the question. When you give students a literal question, have them show you where they found the answer in the book. When you ask them an â€Å"In My Head† question, go through the book with them and show them that they couldn’t find the answer in the book. Have them give answers to the â€Å"In My Head† questions and explain how they answered them ( thinking about what they have learned that is not in the book). Here are some examples of the two types: â€Å"In the Text† questions| â€Å"In my Head† questions| What is the title of the book? What is the author’s name? How long is the book? | Do I like the title? Have I read any other books by this author? How long will it take me to read this book? | Explain that they are going to learn more and ask these types of questions about a new book you are going to read together. 2. Measurable Objectives–Explain that you are going to read the first three chapters of Frog and Toad Together aloud to them, and they are going to help you make a list of â€Å"In the Text† and â€Å"In My Head† questions. Then, they are going to help you answer the questions and see how these types of questions will help them to understand the story. 3. Focused Instruction–Review with students the four types of questions explained in the QAR Strategy. Explain that there are two types of â€Å"In the Text† questions and two types of â€Å"In My Head† questions. Draw a copy of the QAR table on chart paper or on the blackboard or use an overhead projector. The table should look something like this: â€Å"In the Text† questions| â€Å"In My Head† questions| Right There| Think and Search| Author and Me| On my Own| Read the first chapter, â€Å"A List,† from Frog and Toad Together aloud to students. Next, write the questions listed below under the â€Å"Right There† heading. Read the questions aloud, look through the chapter, show the students where you found the answer, and then think aloud the answer. a. Right There i. What is the first thing Toad writes on his list? â€Å"When I turn to page 4, I see that the first thing Toad writes on his list is ‘Wake up. ‘† ii. Who is the friend Toad goes to see? â€Å"When I turn to page 9, I see that Toad goes to see Frog. † Next, write these questions under the â€Å"Think and Search† heading. Read the questions aloud and then think aloud the answers. b. Think and Search iii. What caused Toad to forget what was on his list? â€Å"I read that Toad’s list blew away and Frog did not catch it, so that is why Toad couldn’t remember what was on his list. † iv. How did Toad finally remember what was the last thing on his list was? â€Å"Frog reminded Toad that it was getting dark and they should be going to sleep – the last thing on Toad’s list. † Next, write these questions under the â€Å"Author and Me† heading. Read the questions aloud and then think aloud the answers. c. Author and Me v. What do you think of Toad’s list? â€Å"I think that writing a list of things to do is a good idea. But, Toad could have left off some things, like waking up or getting dressed, because he doesn’t need to be reminded to do that. † vi. Did you agree with the reason Toad gives for not chasing after his list? â€Å"No. I think that he should have chased after his list, even if it that wasn’t one of the things on his list. He couldn’t have written that on his list anyway because he didn’t know the list would blow away. † Next, write these questions under the â€Å"On My Own† heading. Read the questions aloud and then think aloud the answers. d. On My Own vii. Have you or somebody in your family even written a list of things to do? â€Å"Yes. I have written a list of things that I have to do on a weekend day because that is not like a school day. On weekends, I do lots of different things, so I have to write a list to remind myself of all the things I have to do. † viii. What would you do if you lost your to-do list and couldn’t find it? â€Å"I would look for it for a while and if I couldn’t find it, I’d write a new list of things to do. † 4. This would be followed up with guided practice, independent practice, assessment, and the reflecting/planning. References Fisher, D. , Brozo, W. G. , Frey, N. , & Ivey, Gay. (2011). 50 Instructional Routines to Develop Content Literacy. Boston:Pearson. Jones, R. (1998). Strategies for reading comprehension: Question-Answer Relationships. Retrieved November 10, 2012, from http://www. readingquest. org/strat/qar. html TeacherVision. (2000-2012). Question-Answer Relationships. Retrieved November 10, 2012, from.

Chemistry Science Fair Project Ideas

Chemistry Science Fair Project Ideas The best chemistry science fair project is one that answers a question or solves a problem. It can be challenging to come up  with a project idea, but looking at a list of project ideas other people have done may stimulate a similar idea for you or you can take an idea and think of a new approach to the problem or question. Tips for Finding a Good Project Idea Write out your project idea in the form of a hypothesis for the scientific method. If you can, write out 5-10 hypothesis statements. Which is easiest to test? Which one makes the most sense.The ideal science fair project asks a question you can answer or solves a problem.Keep in mind how much time you have to complete the project. Dont select a science project that takes months to complete if you only have a few weeks. Remember, it takes time to analyze the data and prepare the report. Its also possible your experiment might not work out as planned. A good rule of thumb is to choose an idea that takes less than half the total time you have.Dont discount an idea just because it doesnt seem to fit your educational level. Many projects can be made simpler or more complex.Keep your budget and materials in mind. Great science doesnt have to cost a lot. Also, some materials might not be readily available where you live.Keep the season in mind. For example, while a crystal-growing project m ight work well under dry winter conditions, it might be hard to get crystals to grow during a humid rainy season. A project involving seed germination may work better in the spring and summer (when seeds are fresh and sunlight is favorable) than in late autumn or winter. Dont be afraid to ask for help. Parents, teachers, and other students can help you fine-tune a science fair project idea.Follow rules and regulations. If you arent allowed to use live animals, dont choose an animal project. If you wont have access to electricity, dont pick a project that requires an outlet. A bit of planning can save you from disappointment. Examples of Good Project Ideas Can you use a  black light  to detect invisible spills or smelly stains in carpeting or elsewhere in the house? Can you predict what types of materials will  glow under a black light?Will  chilling  an onion before cutting it  keep you from crying?Does catnip repel cockroaches  better than DEET?What ratio of vinegar to  baking soda  produces the best  chemical volcano  eruption?What fabric fiber results in the brightest tie-dye?What type of plastic wrap prevents evaporation the best?What plastic wrap prevents oxidation the best?Which brand of diaper absorbs the most liquid?What percentage of an orange is water?Are night insects attracted to lamps because of heat or light?Can you make Jello using fresh pineapples instead  of canned pineapples?Do white candles burn at a different rate than colored candles?Does the presence of detergent in water affect plant growth?What contaminants can be detected in the air around us?What type of car antifreeze is safest for th e environment?Do different brands of orange juice contain different  levels of vitamin C? Does the level of vitamin C in orange juice change over time?Does the level of vitamin C in orange juice change after the container is opened?Can a saturated solution of sodium chloride still dissolve Epsom salts?How effective are  natural mosquito repellents?Does magnetism affect the growth of plants?Do oranges gain or lose  vitamin C  after being picked?How does the shape of an ice cube affect how quickly it melts?How does the sugar concentration vary in different brands of apple juices?Does storage temperature affect the pH of juice?Does the presence of cigarette smoke affect the growth rate of plants?Do different brands of popcorn leave different amounts of unpopped kernels?How accurately do egg producers measure eggs?How do differences in surfaces affect the adhesion of tape? Chemistry Science Fair Project Ideas by Topic Acids, Bases pH  - These are chemistry projects relating to acidity and alkalinity, mostly aimed at the middle school and high school levels. Caffeine - Is coffee or tea your thing? These projects relate mostly to experiments with caffeinated beverages, including energy drinks. Crystals  - Crystals can be considered geology, physical science, or chemistry. Topics range in level from grade school to college. Environmental Science  - Environmental science projects cover ecology, assessing environmental health, and finding ways to solve problems. Fire, Candles Combustion  - Explore combustion science. Because fire is involved, these projects are best for middle school and higher grade levels. Food Cooking Chemistry  - There is a lot of science involving food, plus its a research subject everyone can access. General Chemistry  - This is a broad collection of different types of science fair projects relating to chemistry. Green Chemistry  - Green chemistry seeks to minimize the environmental impact of chemistry. Its a good topic for middle and high school students. Household Project Testing  - Researching products and understanding how people select them is an interesting science fair topic for students who might not ordinarily enjoy science. Magnets and Magnetism  - Explore magnetism and compare different types of magnets with these project ideas. Materials  - Materials science can relate to engineering, geology, or chemistry. There are even biological materials that can be used for projects. Plant Soil Chemistry  - Plant and soil science projects often require a bit more time than other projects, but all students have access to the materials. Plastics Polymers  - Plastics and polymers arent as complicated and confusing as you might think. These projects may be considered a branch of chemistry. Pollution  - Explore sources of pollution and different ways to prevent or control it. Salt Sugar  - Salt and sugar are two ingredients anyone should be able to find. Do you think you dont have the materials for a science fair project? You do! Sports Physics Chemistry  - Sports science projects may be attractive to students who dont see how science is practical in everyday life. These projects may be of particular interest to athletes. Science Fair Projects  by Grade Level Quick Look at Project Ideas by Educational LevelElementary School Science Fair ProjectsMiddle School Science Fair ProjectsHigh School Science Fair ProjectsCollege Science Fair Projects10th Grade Science Fair Projects9th Grade Science Fair Projects8th Grade Science Fair Projects7th Grade Science Fair Projects6th Grade Science Fair Projects5th Grade Science Fair Projects4th Grade Science Fair Projects3rd Grade Science Fair Projects

A Quick Biography of Founding Father Thomas Jefferson

A Quick Biography of Founding Father Thomas Jefferson Jefferson grew up in Virginia and was raised with the orphaned children of his fathers friend, William Randolph. He was educated from ages 9-14 by a clergyman named William Douglas from whom he learned Greek, Latin, and French. He then attended Reverend James Maurys School before attending the College of William and Mary. He studied law with George Wythe, the first American law professor. He was admitted to the bar in 1767. Family Ties: Jefferson was the son of  Colonel Peter Jefferson, a planter and public official, and Jane Randolph. His father died when Thomas was 14.  Together they had six sisters and one brother. On  January 1, 1772 he married  Martha Wayles Skelton. However, she  died after ten years of marriage.  Together they had two daughters: Martha Patsy and Mary Polly. There is also speculation about the progeny of several children by the slave Sally Hemings. Early Career: Jefferson served in the House of Burgesses (1769-74). He argued against Britains actions and was part of the Committee of Correspondence. He was a member of the Continental Congress (1775-6) and then became a member of the Virginia House of Delegates (1776-9). He was the Governor of Va. during part of the Revolutionary War (1779-81).  He was sent to France as a minister after the war (1785-89). Events Leading to the Presidency: President Washington appointed Jefferson to be the first Secretary of State. He clashed with Alexander Hamilton, Secretary of the Treasury, on how the US should deal with France and Britain. Hamilton also desired a stronger federal government than Jefferson. Jefferson eventually resigned because he saw that Washington was more strongly influenced by Hamilton than him. Jefferson later served as Vice President under John Adams from 1797-1801. Nomination and Election of 1800: In 1800, Jefferson was the Republican candidate with Aaron Burr as his Vice President. He ran in a very contentious campaign against John Adams under whom he had served as Vice President. The Federalists used the Alien and Sedition Acts to their benefit. These had been vigorously opposed by Jefferson and Madison who had argued they were unconstitutional (Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions). Jefferson and Burr tied in the electoral vote which set up an electoral controversy described below. Electoral Controversy: Even though it was known that Jefferson was running for President and Burr for Vice President, in the election of 1800, whoever received the most votes would be elected as president. There was no provision that made it clear who was running for which office. Burr refused to concede, and the vote went to the House of Representatives. Each state cast one vote; it took 36 ballots to decide. Jefferson won carrying 10 out of 14 states. This led directly to the passage of the 12th Amendment which corrected this problem. Reelection - 1804: Jefferson was renominated by caucus in 1804 with George Clinton as his Vice President. He ran against Charles Pinckney from South Carolina. During the campaign, Jefferson easily won. The federalists were divided with radical elements leading to the partys downfall. Jefferson received 162 electoral votes vs. Pinckneys 14. Events and Accomplishments of Thomas Jeffersons Presidency: The uneventful transfer of power between Federalist John Adams and Republican Thomas Jefferson was a significant event in American History. Jefferson spent time dealing with the federalist agenda with which he did not agree. He allowed the Alien and Sedition Acts to end without renewal. He had the tax on liquor that caused the Whiskey Rebellion repealed. This reduced government revenue leading Jefferson to cut costs by reducing the military, relying instead on state militias. An important early event during Jeffersons administration was the court case, Marbury v. Madison, which set up the Supreme Courts power to rule federal acts unconstitutional. America engaged in a war with the Barbary States during his time in office (1801-05). The US had been paying tribute to pirates from this area to stop attacks on American ships. When the pirates asked for more money, Jefferson refused leading Tripoli to declare war. This ended in success for the US who was no longer required to pay tribute to Tripoli. However, America did continue to pay to the rest of the Barbary States. In 1803, Jefferson purchased the Louisiana territory from France for $15 million. This is considered the most important act of his administration. He sent Lewis and Clark on their famous expedition to explore the new territory. In 1807, Jefferson ended the foreign slave trade beginning January 1, 1808. He also established the precedent of Executive Privilege as explained above. At the end of his second term, France and Britain were at war, and American trade ships were often targeted. When the British boarded the American frigate, Chesapeake, they forced (impressed) three soldiers to work on their vessel and killed one for treason. Jefferson signed the Embargo Act of 1807 in response. This stopped America from exporting and importing foreign goods. Jefferson thought this would have the effect of hurting the trade in France and Great Britain. However, it had the opposite effect, hurting American trade. Post Presidential Period: Jefferson retired after his second term as president and did not reenter public life again. He spent time at Monticello. He was deeply in debt and in 1815 sold his library to form the Library of Congress and to help get him out of debt. He spent a lot of his time in retirement designing the University of Virginia. He died on the fiftieth anniversary of the Declaration of Independence, July 4, 1826. Ironically, this was the same day as John Adams. Historical Significance: Jeffersons election began the fall of federalism and the Federalist Party. When Jefferson took over the office from Federalist John Adams, the transfer of power occurred in an orderly manner which was an extremely rare event. Jefferson took his role as party leader very seriously. His greatest achievement was the Louisiana Purchase which more than doubled the size of the US. He also established the principle of executive privilege by refusing to testify during the Aaron Burr treason trial.

Reading respond Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Reading respond - Essay Example What led to these deaths is probably one of the most frequently asked questions relating to this story. Why were these individuals ready and willing to take this risky transition from Mexico to the United States? These are questions that this review gradually reveals answers to them step by step. The U.S government would define and differentiate illegal immigrants in a number of ways. Those who were found to have gained access to the country without proper and legit authorization as well as inspection were clearly breaking the laws and had put up in the country illegally. Similarly, any individual who had prior gained access to the country, but for whatsoever reason stayed beyond the legally authorized time and without any formal notice or communication to the ruling authorities; this was breaking of the law that was thoroughly to be punished. So was any individual found guilty of abuse or breaking of the terms that facilitated his or her legal entry to the country. He or She was ans werable to charges, and would be up for prosecution in some of the highest ruling courts in the States. With the level of hardships experienced by close-to-border dwellers, it was almost impossible for any particular group to lack involvement in some of these cases, and in a desperate move to survive, even the most extreme of measures were taken, just like the late 12 only that, not all would be lucky to get away with it. The trail referred to as â€Å"The Devils Highway† runs from Mexico to Yuma proving to have a 130-miles stretch that is the most difficult section of the trail. Temperatures in this zone soar to high magnitudes of about 120 degrees Fahrenheit only making it more difficult for any human inhabitation in these hostile temperatures. According to research, on average, a human residing or on transit along these harsh terrain requires at least, two gallons of water to survive. This fact only made the survival chances for the twelve victims slimmer. Luis Alberto Urr ea focuses on individual subjects of this tragedy, as well as the various circumstances that resulted to making the risky and unfortunate decision to cross the border, having prior knowledge about the risk behind this transition that would later result to their untimely deaths. It is important to go through the various aspects that the author analyzes. One major issue includes that of illegal immigration that is more or less what the immigrants in this case were up to. If only the victims in this unfortunate case of The Devils Highway deaths had tried other means to get into their destined destination other than sneaky and illegal entry, maybe the result would have been different. It is however clearly known that due to the many strict restrictions by the U.S government governing entry into the country as well as exit, then maybe an alternative to their mode of entry, most especially the route followed would have been less risky, and consequently, there would have been no casualties as opposed to what happened. The story by Urrea invests the readers in learning of issues that would have facilitated the happening of this unfortunate occurrence such as the attitude of native American tribes at the time and the issue of increased

General Information on Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

General Information on Marketing - Essay Example Importance in Marketing The world, today, is a global marketplace. The emergence and strong penetration of internet all over the world, has facilitated the evolution of the virtual marketplace through the popularization of sites like Amazon.com, eBay. The big and small enterprises, which are catering to the needs of the customers on an individual or a business level, are trying to beat each other in the global market place, by competing with each other in various markets all around the globe, while using technology as the primary tool for marketing. So, as a matter of fact, today’s consumer has the power of information, using which they can access or source the product or service of their preference from anywhere around the globe. As a matter of fact, the companies have to understand the customer’s or client’s requirements in a more effective manner in order to cater to their needs and to estimate the forecasted demand from their products or services in a more ef fective manner. Analyzing consumer behaviour helps the organizations to identify and idealize, how consumers are supposed to behave in the market with relation to a particular product or service (Haynes, et. al, 2007, p.4). ... The most common form of promotional strategy employed by companies to popularize their product is advertising. Companies use various kinds of advertising techniques using various media like the radio, television, and internet as well as the print media like newspapers, magazine etc (Pride & Ferell, 2011, p.514). Advertising in today’s date has taken up various advanced forms and mediums. Today’s consumers are increasingly becoming internet savvy and as a result are most of the time logged on to the internet based networking sites. The networking sites, acts as a strong platform for social communications for the internet users, and companies want to make the most of this online boom by popularizing the product using this platform. Marketing a product targeted mostly towards the teenage and young consumers can be very effective in the market while the cost per contact is comparatively low. The electronic media like the radio or the television can also be considered a chea p mode of promotion as the cost per contact is relatively low with regards to the exposure provided to the products or services. The maintenance of an individual sales force for the purpose of promotion and selling of services and products to organizational clients in the case of business to business marketing is the most expensive mode of promotion. Promotion of services and products to the organizational clients needs the expertise of technology, knowledge of the feature of the products in details as well as relationship building which makes the process all the more expensive. Question 3 Distribution is the process of efficient delivery of value to the customer by making the product or service available to the customer or the client. It is essentially an important part of

Vertigo Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Vertigo - Essay Example While investigating and trailing her, he discovers that she is suicidal and is suffering from thoughts of committing suicide. Later both of them fall in love with each other and then the protagonist experiences the death of Madeleine as she commits suicide. Later he is cared for by Judy Barton who resembles Madeleine and Scottie once again falls in love and this time he is in love with Barton. He tries to mold Barton and make her look exactly similar to Madeline but later he discovers that Madeleine’s death was a hoax and was a plan by her husband. Later due to an accident Barton dies and the protagonist loses his fear of heights but ends up being heart broken. The central point that is being discussed in the movie is the attraction as well as fear that are associated with death. Death can cause different emotions within an individual, for example it can result in the emotion of fear or it can even result in the emotion of satisfaction. This is a point that has been quite heavily depicted in the movie. The movie depicts that when an individual himself experiences death or a near death situation, he/she is most likely to experience the emotion of fear (Krueger 53). This was quite evident as when the protagonist of the movie is about to die as he is about to fall from a very tall building. Due to this incident he became so afraid of death by falling that he became afraid of heights and developed a psychological disorder called acrophobia. At the same time movie even depicts that death is a way through which individuals can gain satisfaction and relief from emotional stress. This feeling of satisfaction and emotional relaxation is experienced by those individuals who use death as a tool of revenge (McDougall 121). This is quite clearly depicted within the movie as the protagonist tries to kill Judy who had helped in planning the death of Madeline. Although the protagonist was afraid of death, he counters this fear when he himself

The Overpowering Nature of Nurture

The Overpowering Nature of Nurture Our first impressions are generated by our experiences and our environment, which means that we can change our first impressions by changing the experiences that comprise those impressions. (Gladwell, 2005, p.97). We are, to a certain extent, the person we are, but the reality is that for reasons unknown to us, there are just certain people with which we do not click. It may be ground into our genes or it may have been structured into our thoughts and beliefs by the environment. The same goes for our own first impressions. We are naturally going to look a certain way or have a certain talent that gets peoples attention, but we still have the ability to change, at least partially, the first impression we show other people. There is no doubt that genetics determine a part of who we are as individuals, but nature is not the key component when considering who we become, since, as humans, we, through our social experiences and moral development, are constantly being shaped by the world in which we are surrounded. Every person is born into this world an individual and it is those initial seconds and minutes after we are born that show the importance nature. Jensen (2005) states, All humans are unique because of both prenatal differences and postnatal experiences (p.113). Our prenatal differences are significant because they determine our genes and the way our brain and body form. For example, both my parents have blue eyes and I also have blue eyes. I was also not born with any diseases or addictions because my mother took good care of her body when she was pregnant with me. My dad and my siblings have been diagnosed with ADD in the last couple years. While I have not been diagnosed, I do believe that I have it as well, at least at a minimal level or at a level Ive learned to control naturally over the years. All of these factors are things that I have no control over; they are what nature has put together for me in my biological make-up. Another biological factor that many people consider is intelligence. According to Gladwell (2008), some people are born with a high level of analytical intelligence which is the type of intelligence measured by I.Q. tests. Oddly, enough, intelligence has a threshold (Gladwell, 2008, p.80). Therefore, despite the amount of intelligence a person is born with, the rest of that persons intelligence, the intelligence that allows us have things like street smarts, is actually learned; it is at this point that the value of nurture comes into play. Nurture is critical when considering the person we each become. After all, our moral development and social experiences are interlinked and both impact the way things turn out for us and various points in our lives. According to Carol Gilligan and Lawrence Kohlberg, moral development happens in a variety of stages. The stage someone actually progresses to will then vary depending on the experiences and opportunities provided. Kohlbergs Theory of Moral Development has six stages and I feel that I am currently between level three and five on his scale, probably depending on the situation (Crain, 1985). In terms of the Heinz dilemma, I agree that the wife should be saved even if it means going against the law to do it. I also know that if I were the druggist, I would not want the death of the wife on my conscious, knowing I could save her. The theory Carol Gilligan created involves three stages, of which I feel I have, in most situations, progressed to the final stage of post-convention al (Hurst, 2013). Interestingly enough, I would credit my higher level of morality to a combination of a religious upbringing, a traditional family life, having to endure the death of my mom, and a sound confidence in myself. It is these social experiences that have helped me understand that while it is important for me to take care of myself, it is also important to consider the needs of others. This understanding of ones own moral development is a contributing factor for the level of success a person can achieve in addition to their social experiences. Malcolm Gladwell emphasizes the influence of an individuals social experiences and upbringing or cultural environments; he states, the values of the world we inhabit and the people we surround ourselves with have a profound effect on who we are and shape the patterns of our achievement in ways we cannot begin to imagine (2008, p.11, 19). My level of responsibility for myself and my family, the supportive environment of friends and family I possessed growing up, and the way I was taught to handle various situations have all affected me in where Ive ended up and how I am today. In agreement with Gladwell (2008), Trish Nicholls, who studied the theories of Lev Vygotsky, states, Culture provides the basic orientations that stucture the behavioural environment of the self (1998, par.10). I am lucky enough to say that I do feel successful at this point in my life, but without the culture I was and am currently surrounded by, I dont believe I would have been able to achieve what I have so far. For example, if my parents did not value higher education and travel, and were not veterans, my years after high school may have been significantly different. I would not have had college paid for by the government and I may not have chosen to spend the money I made working traveling. Without the travel opportunities presented to me at my university, I would not value the things I have or see the world with a global perspective. I also would probably not have as much drive to improve our education system because I wouldnt have had any recognition of how it could be better or what else exists in the world. Vygotsky discusses a zone of proximal development that describes each person as having the potential for greatness, but he also emphasizes why scaffolding and our environment ar e so critical in helping a person become great (Nicholls, 1998). All in all, our social experiences and the nurturing that takes place in our life do affect who we become. It is commonly known that life and who a person becomes is the product of the decisions and path taken along the way. Gladwell (2008) describes successful people in the following way, It is not the brightest who succeed [nature]à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Nor is success simply the sum of the decisions and efforts we make on our own behalf. It is, rather, a gift. Outliers are those who have been given opportunities-and who have had the strength and presence of mind to seize them [nurture] (p.267). A large part of the decisions a person makes in their life relates directly to his/her moral development and the experiences he/she has. The reality, though, is that talent, a high I.Q. or the presentation of fantastic opportunities is simply not enough; people must take a combination of everything they are given and use what they know to perfect their first impression of who they really are. After all, we only have one first impression to give. References Crain, W. C. (1985). Theories of Development (pp. 118-136). N.p.: Prentice-Hall. Retrieved from http://faculty.plts.edu/gpence/html/kohlberg.htm Gladwell, M. (2005). Blink. New York, NY: Little, Brown and Company. Gladwell, M. (2008). Outliers. New York, NY: Back Bay Books. Hurst, M. (2013). Carol gilligans theory of moral development. In Education Portal. Retrieved March 20, 2014, from http://education-portal.com/academy/lesson/carol-gilligans-theory-of-moral-development.html#lesson Jensen, E. (2005). Teaching with the brain in mind (2nd ed.). Alexandria, VA: ASCD. Nicholl, T. (1998). Vygotsky. In Mathematics education: Constructivism: Vygotsky and the internet. Retrieved March 17, 2014, from http://www.massey.ac.nz/~alock/virtual/trishvyg.htm

religion :: essays research papers

The Religion Of Huckleberry Finn Religion is a simple concept to learn. Webster's dictionary defines religion as: "belief in a divine or superhuman power or powers to be obeyed and worshipped as the creator(s) and ruler(s) of the universe." Although it is understood what religion is, not everyone has the same views. There are numerous varieties and sub-vrieties of religions. In fact, religion can be so diverse that one might say that he or she is of the same religion as another person but the way he or she demonstrates their beliefs may be dramatically different. In the novel, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, Mark Twain, writes about a young boy's growing and maturing experiences one summer as he travels down the Mississippi River. One of the things that this boy, Huck Finn, discovers is how religion affects his lifestyle. Huckleberry Finn's views of religion have an impact on many essential points in the episodic novel. Religion has an effect on three of Huck's major decisions throughout the novel. His religion is tested when he first decides to help Jim run away. His religion is tested when he lies to most of the people he meets traveling down the Mississippi River, and Huckleberry's religion is tested when he decides to help Jim escape from slavery for good. Huckleberry Finn was raised without a strong religious influence. Huck's father being a raging alcoholic, and Huck living mostly on his own, were two of the factors that contributed to this. Pap came to visit him one night and expressed his negative thoughts on school and religion. "First you know you'll get religion, too. I never see such a son" (Twain 20). Despite these warnings, the Widow Douglas continued to teach Huck. Later in the novel, these teaching have consequential effects on Huck. Huck's religious morals are first tested when he decides to help the Widow's slave escape to freedom. During the time that The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn took place, slavery was not uncommon. In the beginning of the story,

On philosophy

Virginia Held, in her article Feminist Transformations of Moral Theory, claims that the historical groundings of the precepts of philosophy, including the sets of ethical theories and positions, and philosophy in general have been erected from the viewpoints of men and that the ideas involved are not entirely â€Å"gender-neutral† as they appear to claim themselves (Held). One can observe that throughout the stretch of the time that encompassed the early stages of philosophy up to the time of the industrial revolution and the onset of the age of globalization, men have dominated the field of philosophy. Women in the past societies in particular were given very minimal role in social activities and endeavors inasmuch as most of these women were simply confined to their homes and their tasks were greatly deprived of social participation (Claassen and Joyce). This observation leads us to the assumption that, because of these deterring factors on the very presence of women in the society, women have also played very little part in the development of philosophy in general and the number of philosophical discussions all-over the world. The rise of feminism alongside and the shift in the patriarchal patterns that loomed over societies, however, have appeared to dissolve one by one the barriers that isolate women from having a part in the philosophical plane. One can further analyze that Virginia appears to argue that what the philosophy we know of today is the product of the past philosophizing done in large part by men. Richard Brandt, for this matter, has principally endorsed in some of his works the idea of overcoming bias and prejudice in the very precepts of morality (Stevenson). This observation appears to relieve Brandt of the accusations hurled by Virginia towards the evolution of philosophy throughout the decades that humanity has dwelled on its rough, intricate, and oftentimes bewildering edges. Brandt argues that passion should not be allowed to intervene whenever we are to delve into matters that concern morality for it blurs the capacity of our reason and thinking on equally significant moral issues (Brandt). If this is the case, indeed Brandt may have already swung himself off the reaches of Virginia’s accusations with regards to traditional philosophy for the reason that traditional philosophy has been seen to be relished with all sorts of manly traces. The suggestion being offered by Brandt is one that relieves philosophy of any bias towards a specific gender in any working context, one that seeks to salvage the philosophy we know today from the dregs of traditional philosophy. However, there remains the contention that even if Brandt is arguing for an objective quest, at least in terms of the moral precepts and moral traditions that humanity has strongly held through time, the very fact that Brandt sees his world from a man’s point of view can be a point of contention. This taunts one to pose questions of uncertainty and credibility with regards to his claim of a rationalizing empty of passion and bias. If Virginia Held is aptly precise and right with her argument, it appears, then, that Brandt’s perception on philosophy and that of morality is not thoroughly empty of bias for the reason that the latter sees the world from the understanding and vision of man whereas women might have a differing view with regards to what they know of about the world they both live in. This leads us to the assumption that, granted Virginia’s arguments are strongly founded, Brandt’s ideas and the rest of his arguments cannot entirely be empty of bias given the fact that he is a man and that a woman thinks rather differently to those of males. And there has indeed been numerous interpretations that separates from traditional philosophy, especially from a feminist approach where women are treated as individuals who also share roles in the society in general. Capital punishment and killings in war Capital punishment is typically utilized in order to put unlawful people before the justice system of societies and put an end to their unlawful means—and to their lives—thereby removing further instances of committing heinous crimes by the same criminal. War killings, on the other hand, are primarily taken to be understood as killings in the battlefield, especially in times of war wherein combatants or armies from the opposing sides are granted by their authorities to obtain their mission through every possible means—such as gunning down the enemy—in order to not only deter the enemy from advancing further but also to finally put an end to the enemy’s existence. From a Kantian perspective, both capital punishment and killings in war are immoral acts in the sense that both of these essentially take away the lives of men which is, on the other hand, strictly against the moral imperatives. Basically, Kant suggests that taking away the life of another individual cannot be justified because it is not the right thing to do at whatever given situation. Utilitarianism, on the other hand, provides us with another view that implies that both capital punishment and war killings can be morally justified given that both of these promote the general good or the greatest happiness for the greatest number of people. That is, taking away the life of another individual can be justified in the ethical issues given that the basis for the action is justifiable. And this moral theory asserts that actions can indeed be justified, specifically in the context of the measurement of happiness and its consequent effects on the welfare and happiness of the greatest number of individuals. However, the strand of rule utilitarianism splits from this claim because it argues that rules should not be bent just for the attainment of general happiness which, in this case, is taken to mean that moral precepts and legal rules concerning life should never be flexed in order to fit the situation. Quite on the contrary, the very situations of capital punishment and killings in war should be critically analyzed based on these precepts and rules in order to arrive at the greatest happiness for the greatest number. William Godwin William Godwin is not inclined towards prejudice and thought it as the source of much that is wrong in the world as he also stressed the significant role of impartiality. The value of human life should be taken as a central part of the analysis of Godwin’s claim primarily because in order for the individual to be able to arrive at a sound judgment the individual should nevertheless take a look into the course of the years that have molded the life that he or she possesses (Monro). Prejudice, on the contrary, creates the notion of selectivity wherein the individual may be inclined to prefer this from that or, in another context, this person from another person for a number of reasons pegged on the selective attitude of the person. Without a concern for the value of human life, it would be difficult, if not impossible, to arrive at an impartial attitude towards others primarily because without having a universal sense of benevolence towards mankind in general impartiality can hardly be attained. Hence, in order for one to be able to embrace the idea that prejudice is the source of much that is wrong in the world, one ought to be impartial both in deeds and in thoughts. With a firm consideration on the value of human life among all of humanity, one cannot easily stray away from the holds of an impartial treatment towards other people and that one cannot straightforwardly resort to prejudice. Without having a sense of attachment towards the primacy and value of human life, it would be quite difficult as well, if not more, to act truthfully as a benevolent individual empty of prejudice in thought and deed or to at least pretend to be like an impartial individual. Kant and Singer’s animal rights Kant says that duty is the inevitability or necessity of functioning out of a strict observation for laws that are universal. Consequently, the worth or value of the action done by the individual in terms of moral contexts is essentially drawn from the intention of the action. Moreover, Kant’s treatment of a maxim can be briefly summarized as a given principle upon which one acts such that its nature is based on the manner in the expression of the intention. Thus, the content of the actions in terms of intent have an important role in Kantian ethics. This content can be further expressed in two manners. The first states that there are maxims or imperatives which stipulate that there are acts based on the desires of the individual. This is what Kant calls the hypothetical imperative. On the other hand, those which are based on reason and not merely dependent on one’s desires belong to the categorical imperative. The latter type deals with what ought to be done. All these can be roughly transposed and summarized into Kant’s conception of the practical imperative which claims that one ought to act to treat human beings as ends in themselves and never merely as a means to any given end, whether the individual is the self or another person. Peter Singer argues that ethical precepts should be extended so that it will encompass animals as well. If this is the case, and if we are to place this in the context of Kant’s proposition, then we are to arrive at the idea that, after ethical precepts have been made to be understood to encompass animals, no one is to treat any animal as means in order to arrive at certain ends but rather as the very ends themselves. Kant would disagree with Singer in the sense that the former’s theory is anchored on the rationality of human beings whereas animals are empty of rational capacity. Singer, on the other hand, would disagree with Kant in this notion primarily because animals also have rights and that these rights should be also recognized within the ethical sphere. References Arthur, John. Morality and Moral Controversies: Readings in Moral, Social and Political Philosophy. 7th ed: Prentice Hall, 2004. Brandt, Richard B. â€Å"A Motivational Theory of Excuses in the Criminal Law.†Ã‚   Morality, Utilitarianism, and Rights. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1992. 252. Claassen, Cheryl, and Rosemary A. Joyce. â€Å"Women in Prehistory.† American Antiquity 63.1 (1998): 175. Held, Virginia. â€Å"Feminist Transformations of Moral Theory.† Philosophy and Phenomenological Research 50.Supplement (1990): 321. Monro, D. H. â€Å"Godwin's Moral Philosophy: An Interpretation of William Godwin.† Ethics 64.2 (1954): 134. Stevenson, Charles L. â€Å"Brandt's Questions About Emotive Ethics.† The Philosophical Review 59.4 (1950): 529.